世界上最知名的桥梁：金门大桥

The Golden Gate Bridge is perhaps the most iconic bridge in the world, with its deep orange span crossing the Golden Gate strait since it was opened in 1937. At the time, it was the world’s longest and the world’s tallest suspension bridge with a main span of 4,200 feet (1,280 m) and a total height of 746 feet (227 m). Today the bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of San Francisco and California.

最初的提议是在海峡建造一座桥梁的最初提议，直到工程师约瑟夫·施特劳斯（Joseph Strauss）在1916年提出的一项设计，尽管他不得不在很大程度上重新设计整个桥梁才能最终开始建造。直到1964年，金门大桥的悬架桥的主要跨度为4,200英尺（1,300 m）。自1964年以来，其主要跨度已超过15个桥梁。现在，仅次于纽约市的Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge之后，它是美国第二长的主要跨度。从基台到基台的金门桥的总长度为8,981英尺（2,737 m）。The Golden Gate Bridge’s clearance above high water averages 220 feet (67 m) while its towers, at 746 feet (227 m) above the water, were the world’s tallest on a suspension bridge until 1993 when it was surpassed by the Mezcala Bridge, in Mexico. The weight of the roadway is hung from 250 pairs of vertical suspender ropes, which are attached to two main cables. The main cables pass over the two main towers and are fixed in concrete at each end. Each cable is made of 27,572 strands of wire. The total length of galvanized steel wire used to fabricate both main cables is estimated to be 80,000 miles (130,000 km). Each of the bridge’s two towers has approximately 600,000 rivets.

约瑟夫·施特劳斯（Joseph Strauss）与建筑师欧文·莫罗（Irving Morrow）合作设计了桥梁塔，照明计划和装饰艺术元素的整体形状，例如塔式装饰，路灯，栏杆和人行道。由于美学和功能原因，该桥的颜色被正式称为国际橙色，即它与海湾地区自然环境相互作用的方式，以及它在浓雾中增加可见性的事实那里经常发生。

这座桥在行人和骑自行车的人中很受欢迎，并在六个车辆交通车道的任一侧建造了人行道。最初，它们仅通过金属路缘与交通车道分开，但是在2003年，人行道和交通车道之间的栏杆主要是防止骑自行车的人掉入车道的措施。根据金门桥高速公路和运输区的说法，该桥每天约有112,000辆汽车